The thermodynamic cycle of the basic combined cycle consists of two power plant cycles. Thermodynamic analysis of the rankine cycle has been undertaken. It can be used in several different modes in critical industries such as power generation, oil and gas, process plants. The most common type of combined cycle power plant utilizes gas turbines and is called a combined cycle gas turbine ccgt plant. The book has been written to provide an overall view for the experienced engineer working in a specialized aspect of the subject and for the fresh engineering graduate or undergraduate student who is being. Conduction, convection and radiation heat transfer corequisite. In the case of distributed power generation, the efficiency of small electric power plants is even lower. Thermodynamic cycle concepts for highefficiency power. In this chapter we will consider ideal steam power cycles including isentropic turbines and pumps.
Let assume the rankine cycle, which is the one of most common thermodynamic cycles in thermal power plants. A california muni fights back with an advanced 50 mw combined cycle power plant. The apc decreases to all power plant cycles, when the main steam temperatures have increased from 500 to 700 c, because it depends on the specific volume of steam and quality of steam entering into the pumps. There are three types of power plants in india hydro electric power plants, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants. Wq w wq w 2 since wout is always less than qin it is evident that. Power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power plant cycles. Fuel, burned in the boiler and superheater, heats the water to generate steam. In its basic form, a gas turbine exhausting into a heat recovery steam generator hrsg that supplies steam to a steam turbine cycle is the most efficient. Develop simplifying assumptions applicable to gas power cycles.
The rankine cycle is the ideal cycle for vapor power plants. We hope that the report will be helpful for the realization of the project and be of reference to all the members concerned. Combined cycle systems typically are an optimized system of high technology power generating equipment, software, and services that are integrated into the utilities ancillary equipment to create an economical and stable power generating facility. In general, thermodynamics is the science that deals with energy production, storage, transfer and conversion. This raises the possibility that power plant developers will continue. Boa power plant reference rwe neurath lignitefired power plant power plant optimised plant design, boa, 1,100 mw total material approx. Power cycles otto cycle spark ignition diesel cycle brayton cycle gas turbine rankinecycle. Two primary classes of thermodynamic cycles are power cycles and heat pump cycles. Stag combinedcycle power generation system features table 2. This paper deals with steam cycles used in power plants.
Ge combinedcycle product line and performance ge power systems ger3574g 1 table 1. Life cycle assessment of coalfired power production. Maintenance costs are approximately 15% to 20% of the life cycle costs. Many gas cycles have been proposed, and several are currently used, to model real heat engines. In a thermodynamic cycle a fluid is returned to its initial state after transfer of heatwork across the system boundary.
A full run through of a steam power plant energy calculation with steam table data. In the rankine cycle, which is the ideal cycle for steam power plants, the working fluid flows through a. The primary objective of this report is to increase awareness of power plant cycling cost, the use of these costs in renewable integration studies and to stimulate debate between policymakers, system dispatchers, plant personnel and power utilities. However, if the maximum cycle temperature increases, the exhaust heat to the environment. A combinedcycle power plant uses both a gas and a steam turbine together to produce up to 50 percent more electricity from the same fuel than a traditional simplecycle plant. Combined cycle power plant david grenier master gi 2 2. Modular trough power plant cycle and system analysis. Pdf geothermal power plant cycles and main components.
Typically the steam cycles are used at higher well en thalpies, and binary cycles for lower enthalpies. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. The natural gasfired combined cycle power plant, the most commonly built type of large natural gas plant, is a competitive generating technology under a wide variety of assumptions for fuel price, construction cost, government incentives, and carbon controls. Thermodynamic analysis of the rankine cycle has been undertaken to enhance the efficiency and reliability of steam power plants. Cycles composed entirely of quasistatic processes can operate as power or heat pump cycles by controlling. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser,and recycled to where it was heated. Table of content introduction context how it works why do they use this technology disadvantages to use natural gas the situation in france conclusion 3. Boiler, turbine, condenser, pump, carnot cycle for. Staging allows maximum potential extraction of heat and power from a set of given resources. Ger3574g ge combinedcycle product line and performance. Pdf steam power plant cycles find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. It is over 1500c at the burner exit of turbojet engines. Laws of thermodynamics form the basis on which the whole foundation of thermodynamics is developed. The hrsg is a key component of a combined cycle power plant.
Advantages of combined cycle power generation the worldwide demand for combined cycle power plant is growing dramatically, with some experts forecasting explosive growth over the next decade. Basic thermodynamics of power cycles and combustion processes 2. Boiler, turbine, condenser, pump, carnot cycle for steam, disadvantages of carnot cycle application. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the watersteam cycle efficiency is given by. The steam is then heated to a superheated state in the superheater. Comparing combined cycle condensing technologies by measuring plant output, cost and water usage. Power cycles most power producing devices operate on cycles. Investigate ways to modify the basic rankine vapor power cycle to increase the cycle thermal efficiency. An analysis of a thermal power plant working on a rankine. A simple power plant consists of a boiler, turbine, condenser and a pump. The power to weight ratios are generally high for high throughout gas turbine power plants and hence are favoured for the aviation and also for power generation. In this case the turbine operates at steady state with inlet conditions of 6 mpa, t 275.
Stag combinedcycle thermal energy and power system features high thermal efficiency low installed cost fuel flexibility wide range of gas and liquid fuels. Thermal power plant a thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Vapor power cycle gasturbine cycles typically operate at considerably higher temperatures than steam cycles. Solve problems based on the otto, diesel, stirling. Gas turbine power plants are lighter and compact when compared to power plants running on vapour cycles. Steam cycles used in electrical power plants and in the production of shaft power in industry are based on the familiar rankine cycle, studied briefly in most. The comparison of auxiliary power consumption apc results for three different power plant cycles are shown in table 1. High pressure piping in power plants water steam cycles.
The waste heat from the gas turbine is routed to the nearby steam turbine, which generates. Power plant steam cycle theory encyclopedia of life. Other working fluids used include sodium, potassium. A case study on thermodynamic analysis of cogeneration. Many researchers have studied staging power cycles. The waste heat from the gas turbine is routed to the nearby steam turbine, which generates extra power. Combined cycle systems encompass a large range of capabilities for both 50 and 60 hz operation. The cycle 12341 which is the gas turbine power plant cycle is the topping cycle. A simple gt power plant is shown in the image below. Steam is the most common working fluid used in vapor power cycles because of its many desirable characteristics, such as low cost, availability, and high enthalpy of vaporization. Geothermal power plants can be divided into tw o main groups, steam cycles and binary cycles.
Thermodynamics deals with the conversion of one form of energy to another. Handbook for cogeneration and combined cycle power plants. Analyze vapor power cycles in which the working fluid is alternately vaporized and condensed. Major equipment with piping interconnection figure included. Power plants generate electrical power by using fuels like coal, oil or natural gas. In a conventional power plant we are getting 33% electricity only and remaining 67% as waste. Unit 2 steam power plant steam power plant structure 2. If a life cycle analysis were conducted, the new costs of a plant are about 7% to 10% of the life cycle costs. Ppt combined cycle power plant linkedin slideshare. Power cycles are cycles which convert some heat input into a mechanical work output, while heat pump cycles transfer heat from low to high temperatures by using mechanical work as the input. Operating costs, which essentially consist of energy costs, make up the remainder, between 70% and 80 % of the life cycle costs, of any major utility plant. At present, fossil fuel is still the worlds predominant energy source. To make simple thermodynamics analysis possible, we use the concept of ideal cycle. An analysis of a thermal power plant working on a rankine cycle.
In steam driven thermal power plants this basic cycle is modified by incorporating superheating and reheating to improve the performance of the turbine. Steam power cycles part i ideal rankine and reheat cycles we introduced the basic steam power plant in chapter 4b, however we could only evaluate the turbine and feedwater pump after we introduced the concept of entropy in chapter 6a. Use of computer programs in power plant calculations text and materials. Analyze power generation coupled with process heating called cogeneration. The major components that make up a combined cycle are compressor, gas turbine, hrsg, and steam turbine as shown in fig.
In open cycle the the working fluid which drives the turbine is exhausted in atmosphere. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. A combined cycle power plant ccpp is a complex system with a gas turbine, steam turbine and a heat recovery steam generator hrsg working together. Pdf chapter 2 steam power plant cycles researchgate.
Handbook for cogeneration and combined cycle power plants by meherwan boyce. Unesco eolss sample chapters thermal power plants vol. Combined cycle power plant an overview sciencedirect. The maximum fluid temperature at the turbine inlet is about 620c for modern steam power plants, but over 1425c for gasturbine power plants. Although the working fluid in an ideal power cycle operates on a closed loop, the type of individual processes that comprises the cycle depends on the individual devices used to execute the cycle. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power. A power plant is basically an industrial location that is utilized for the generation and distribution of power. Our goal here will be to introduce thermodynamics as the energy conversion science. A combined cycle power plant produces high power outputs at high efficiencies up to 55% and with low emissions. Evaluate the performance of gas power cycles for which the working fluid remains a gas throughout the entire cycle. By using combined cycle power plant we are getting 68% electricity. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. Study on gasfired combined cycle power plant project in. One newly developed method of electricity generation is the magneto hydro dynamic power plant.
A compressor is a device, which pressurizes a working fluid. These idealized cycles serve as starting point for more indepth studies. But the burning of fossil fuels generates only thermal energy, therefore these energy sources are so. It depicts the heat and work transfer process taking place in high temperature region. Although parabolic trough steam rankine cycle power plant technology is the lowestcost commercial solar electric power technology in the world. Book discusses the design, fabrication, installation, operation, and maintenance of combined cycle power plants. Analyze the reheat and regenerative vapor power cycles. Chapter 9 gas power cycles universiti tenaga nasional. Staging rankine cycles using ammonia for otec power.
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